Cultural Complexes in Europe: A Jungian Exploration of Soul, Psyche and Identity
Part of Cultural Complex Series: Studies from Around the World - more in this series

Book Details
- Publisher : Routledge
- Published : March 2025
- Cover : Paperback
- Pages : 300
- Category :
Jung and Analytical Psychology - Catalogue No : 98140
- ISBN 13 : 9781041004226
- ISBN 10 : 1041004222
Also by Thomas Singer
Also by Jörg Rasche
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What is going on in Europe? The actual conflicts between its nations or states can be traced back to old and revived cultural complexes. In this book, first compiled in 2016, Jungian analysts explore the cultural identities of their European homelands and nations.
This is a new approach to old questions: What makes a people feel at home? How do their traditions and narratives form a cultural Self and identity? How do they differ from one another? Exploring cultural complexes blends knowledge of history, economics, sociology, anthropology, geography, psychology, religious studies, literature, and poetry. But as every complex is built around an emotional core, the study of how cultural complexes live in the psyche is not limited to these disciplines. Each author and reader engages in a confrontation with their emotions, prejudices, and projections. The shape that the ideas and feelings of a cultural complex take in the psyche can be inchoate, rapidly shifting and yet paradoxically long standing, and often quite immune and impermeable to the reason that traditional disciplines of thought would impose on them. These cultural complexes do not necessarily provide a coherent or linear sequencing of facts and events because that is not how they actually exist and function in the psyche of individuals and groups. At the same time, cultural complexes shape what it means to be a citizen of a particular city, region, or country of Europe.
This remarkable book is an important read for Jungian analysts and those interested in Europe’s historical and cultural development.
Reviews and Endorsements
Qualities of passion and intellectual coherence co-exist in this extraordinary book, itself a product of history, politics, psychology and—often—personal experience and suffering. But what about the timing? Europe is in its deepest crisis since the Second World War and, in the absence of any credible solutions from conventional politics, depth psychology and the idea of cultural complexes are entitled to step into the breach. There is more: By assembling authors from so many different nations, Jörg Rasche and Tom Singer have created a special European union before our very eyes. They, and their stellar team of authors, have not only analysed the continental lines of conflict and war, but have also made noteworthy contributions to the achievement of peace-in-diversity.
Professor Andrew Samuels, author of A New Therapy for Politics?
This is a remarkable and original book and should be read by all those interested in Europe from historical, personal and cultural perspectives, including the roots of European conflicts and their implications for present-day issues. The authors are Jungian analysts or academics from different parts of Europe, and the book’s theoretical underpinning is the concept of cultural complexes, exploring their relevance, dynamics, positive and shadow aspects in individual countries. The editors, Jörg Rasche and Thomas Singer, and the publisher, Spring Journal Books, are to be congratulated for their vision in publishing at this time a book of high quality essays when contemporary Europe is in flux: struggling with its identity; with who belongs and who is excluded; with managing more flexible boundaries, especially challenging with the huge influx of refugees seeking sanctuary in European countries.
Jan Wiener, Director of Training, Society of Analytical Psychology, London; Former Co-Chair of the IAAP Education Committee with Responsibility for Eastern Europe
This book on Europe and its cultural complexes is both profound and perfectly timed. The individual articles are outstandingly written by authors who have a deep understanding of Jung and analytical psychology, and know how to connect that knowledge with the problems that Europe faces today. The viewpoints represented are essential to understanding the history of the different European countries and helpful in understanding why they are in such turmoil now. I highly recommend it.
Thomas B. Kirsch, Former President of the International Association for Analytical Psychology
Table of Contents
Part 1 - Soul, Identity, and Cultural Complexes in Individual European Countries
1. Poland: The Suffering Hero and Messianism in a Polish Cultural Complex
Malgorzata Kalinowska
2. Greece: The Inner Riddle of “Greek Psychic Debt,”
Evangelos Tsempelis
3. Spain: The Catalan Vault
Olivia del Castillo
4. Czech Republic: The Forefather Cultural Complex
Martin Skála
5. Serbia: Belgrade: Limes and the City
Marijana Popović and Jelena Sladojević Matić
Part 2 - The Feminine and Cultural Complexes in Europe
6. Denmark: Mother Denmark
Pia Skogemann
7. Italy: Queens, Saints, Heretics, Prostitutes
Caterina Vezzoli
8. Austria: Sisi
Maria Kendler
9. Italy: “Small Mother Complex” and the Royal Feminine
Marta Tibaldi
Part 3 - The Greater European Family: Cultural Complexes in All European Countries
10. Europe: The Jewish Anima
Jörg Rasche
11. Israel: My European Animus
Erel Shalit
12. Israel: A Very Narrow Bridge: Israel and Its Cultural Complexes
Henry Abramovitch
13. Europe: The Ghosts of Two World Wars
Kristina Schellinski
14. Europe: Europe and Islam
Jörg Rasche
About the Editor(s)
Jörg Rasche, MD, is a child psychiatrist and Jungian analyst, working in private practice in Berlin. He served for many years as president of the German Jungian Association (DGAP) and was vice-president of IAAP and president of the German Association for Sandplay Therapy (DGST). Also a trained musician, he has published many papers and some books on mythology, music, sandplay therapy, and analytical psychology, as well as serving on the board of various Jungian journals.
Thomas Singer, MD, is a psychiatrist and Jungian psychoanalyst who trained at Yale Medical School, Dartmouth Medical School, and the C. G. Jung Institute of San Francisco. He is the author of many books and articles that include a series of books on cultural complexes that have focused on Australia, Latin America, Europe, the United States, and Far East Asian countries, in addition to another series of books featuring Ancient Greece, Modern Psyche. He serves on the board of ARAS (Archive for Research into Archetypal Symbolism) and has served as co-editor of ARAS Connections for many years.
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